Projection apparatus



Dec. 1 2, 1950 J VAN DEN BROEK 2,534,084

PROJECTION APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 21, 1946 JA ,4. l/AN 051v BRaEK Dec. 12, 1950 J. A. VAN DEN BROEK PROJECTION APPARATUS Filed Jun 21, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. J g/v A l A/V DE/V BRO/5K BY A T TORNE Y6 12, 1950 J. A. VAN DEN BROEK 2,534,084

PROJECTION APPARATUS Filed June 21, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN V EN TOR.

L/A/V 4. VAN DEN 5R0K BY Patented Dec. 12, 1950 PROJECTION APPARATUS Jan A. Van den Broek, Ann Arbor, Mich., assignor,

by mesne assignments, to Bradfield and Bidwell, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application June 21, 1946, Serial No. 678,209

7 Claims.

This invention relates to picture projection apparatus and is more particularly concerned with the projection of socalled still pictures wherein a picture strip may be moved to selectively frame a picture in an optical path and maintain it there a desired length of time, as for reading or lecture purposes.

This is a continuation in part of my co-pending application Serial No. 663,135, filed April 18, 1945.

In its preferred embodiment, the invention will be described as incorporated in a projector es" pecially designed for ceiling projection, as for projecting micro-photographed books or like pages on the ceiling of a room containing bedridden persons, but it will be understood that the apparatus is not so limited in its application.

It is therefore a major object of the present invention to provide a picture projection apparatus having a novel compartment structure for projection lamp cooling and film advancin mechanisms.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a novel compartmented projection apparatus wherein a fan and motor therefor is provided in a compartment below the projection lamp, and the drive for the film strip is mounted in a compartment below the objective lens as sembly, to provide a compact assembly.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a novel projection lamp chimney and cooling arrangement in projection apparatus.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a novel cooling arrangement for the projection lamp in a picture projection apparatus.

A further object of the invention is to provide novel arrangements for cooling the film gate in a picture projection apparatus.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel manner of mounting a light modifying element such as a reflector or a lens in a picture projection apparatus.

Further objects of the invention will presently appear as description thereof proceeds, in connection with the appended claims and the annexed drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a ceiling p-rojector illustrating a. preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the projector of Figure 1 particularly illustrating the film feed path;

Figure 3 is a front elevation of the projector of Figure 1;

2 tially along line 44 of Figure 2, illustrating the projection lamp and cooling fan arrangements as well as the compartment structure within the base of the projection apparatus;

Figure 4A is a fragmentary elevation illustrating the removable reflector or lens holding clip;

Figure 5 is a section taken substantially along line 5--5 of Figure 2, illustrating further the film advancing means within the front compartment of the projector base.

Figure 6 is a bottom plan view of the projector base illustrating particularly the cooling fan motor mount in the front compartment and the automatic control for releasing the film gate in the rear compartment;

Figure 7 is a section taken substantially along line 'l-! of Figure 4 illustrating particularly the path that the cooling air follows in emergin from the blower; and

Figure 3 is a substantially perspective view diagrammatically illustrating the film handling arrangements apart from the projector base structure.

Referring particularly to Figures 14, the ceiling projector comprises an open-bottomed base ll adapted to be levelly supported by legs 12 on a horizontal surface such as a table, bench or hospital floor. Rearwardly, a removable lamphousing I3, formed with a grilled ventilatin .air outlet M on top and secured to base II as by screws l5, encloses a part of the optical system comprising an upright projection lamp 1 6 backed by a light concentrating reflector I! which is optically aligned with the lamp filament and the horizontal axis of a condenser lens assembly within tube I8. Lamp [6, reflector l1 and lens tube [8 are suitably supported on base H as will be described further and are uncovered whenever lamp house 13 is removed.

Forwardly of lamp housing I3, base H is centrally provided with an integral upstanding hollow objective lens mount l9 internally containing a plane reflector 2i and carrying an objective lens assembly 22 having a vertical optical axis perpendicular to and coplanar with the optical axis of condenser lens tube I8. Lamp housing l3 and lens mount I9 are both apertured in alignment with the condenser lens to permit the projection light path.

Internally, base II is formed with a transverse, substantially vertical inner wall or web 23 which extends from the top wall of base I l down to the open bottom of base H. Wall 23 divides the interior of base ll into a front compartment supply coolin air for the projection lamp and I the film as will appear.

Base H is wholly open at its bottom, as illustrated best in Figures 4 and 6, being closed by a suitable cover plate 26, which may be removably attached to base I! in any suitable manner, as by machine screws or the like.

The top wall 27 of base I l is formed above rear chamber with an upstanding hollow boss portion 28, through which extends the socket 29 of projection lamp l6, socket 29 in turn being rigidly mounted on a suitable support removably secured as by suitable machine screws 3! to the top plate H of the septum assembly later to be described.

As illustrated in Figure 6, the aperture 32 defined by boss 28 is substantially rectangular. Boss 28 is formed with an internal shoulder on which is frictionally seated a rectangular lamp chimney assembly 33, which is preferably a rectangular sheet metal tube open at top and bottom and dimensioned to surround lamp It in paced relation thereto. The lower end of chimney 33 is provided with depending spring fingers 33 for engaging the throat of boss 28 and holding the chimney in place. The front and rear Walls of chimney 33 are apertured at 34 and 35 in optical alignment with the lamp filament and the condenser lens assembly. Just above boss 28, the rear sheet metal wall of lamp chimney 33 is formed with one or more integral outwardly bent tabs 35 for supportin the lower part of reflector H, while above aperture 35 an integral tab 31 is bent out of the sheet metal rear wall of chimney 33 to provide a slide guide for a bowed clip 38 of spring metal. Clip 38 has an end flange 39 bent outwardly at an angle and arranged to contact the rear surface of reflector I7. Clip 38, being slidable up and down in the guide provided by tab 31, secures reflector I! in place when in the position illustrated in Figure 4, and reflector H may be readily removed for cleaning and/or replacement simply by sliding clip 38 upwardly in its guide after the lamp house l3 has been removed.

This arrangement i particularly advantageous in an inexpensive construction Where, if an integral tab like 36 were used in place of clip 33 to hold the upper end of the reflector, the number of times that the reflector could be removed without such a tab becoming fatigued and broken ofl, due to repeated flexure of the metal, is limited, and once broken oil" it is very diflicult to repair. Hence this arrangement provides a novel, useful and very inexpensive method of maintaining the reflector I! in its desired position on the lamp chimney.

Similarly, the rear lens element 4| of the condenser lens assembly is supported at its lower end by tabs 42 integral with the front wall of chimney 33, and at its upper end by a spring clip 43 similar to clip 38 and slidable in a tab 44 integral with the front wall of chimney 33. In this manner condenser lens rear element 4% is also removably mounted in the assembly for cleaning and repair.

The top end of chimney 33 is closed to the passage of light, but not to the passage of air, by a suitable baiile assembly comprising a rim 45 which is annular and rectangular and adapted to be suitably removably secured to the upper end of chimney 33 as by a friction fit. Within rim 45 are mounted two parallel plates 45 and 47 of sheet metal formed with staggered integral and oppositely bent transverse slat portions 48 and 49 respectively. The adjacent rows of bent slats overlap, so that these louvers form a light trap preventing exit of light through the top of the chimney and through the opening 54. Plates 46 and 4! are maintained apart by a suitable spacer ring 5|. I have thus provided at the top of the lamp chimney a pair of parallel plates having opposite overlapping rows of louvers, which permit air to pass through the apertures in the plates made by bendin out the louvers and out through aperture E4 in the top of the lamp housing, while trapping the light from lamp E6.

Forwardly of boss 28, upper wall 25 of the base is formed with an upstanding rib 52 which is generally U-shaped in plan so as to form a shallow trough serving as a front support for tube l8 within which is disposed the front elements of the condenser lens. Condenser lens tube l3 comprises a cylindrical cell 53 having a support projection 54 at its bottom for fitting into a spring socket 55 secured to wall 27 as by screw 56. Thus lens tube I8 is removably mounted on wall 21, and is accessible when lamp housing i3 is removed.

Cell 53 contains two planar convex lenses 5? and 58 urged apart by an expanding internal spring 59. Axial movement of lens 51 is prevented by contact of the planar surface of the lens with a retainer ring 6|, which is non-rotatably secured within cell 53 and carries a planar heat absorbing filter 62 that closes the rear end of the cell.

A retainer ring 53 having an annular lip engaging the planar front surface of lens 58 maintains the cell assembled against the force of spring 59 as illustrated. It is apparent that, simply by pulling upwardly on lens tube E8, the heat filter and front part of the condenser lens assembly can be removed for cleaning and repair, and the front condenser lens assembly itself can be easily taken apart by removal of ring 63 from cell 53.

Within rear compartment 25, the cooler fan blower assembly comprises an electric motor 54 having a driven shaft 55 non-rotatably ecured to the hub 65 of a Sirocco-type fan 61, as by a set screw 68. The axis of shaft 55 is preferably vertical so that the fan delivers a transverse current of air and so as to accommodate the largest possible capacity fan within the available dimensions of the base and compartment 25. Fan 51 is disposed in a septum assembly that comprises a lower horizontal plate 69, an upper horizontal plate 7|, and an intermediate scroll portion 72 which defines a substantially spiral path for the air delivered by fan 6?, as will appear, and which is best illustrated in Figure 7. As illustrated in Figure 6, a plurality of screw fastening assemblies 10 are employed to removably mount the septum assembly on wall 2? of the base.

Upper plate H is apertured at i3 for upward passage of cooling air toward boss 28. Scroll i2 is rigidly secured to plates 59 and H as by suitable cooperating integral tabs and holes. Lower plate 59 is apertured at ill centrally of fan 61, whereby cooling air is withdrawn from chamber 25 and passed outwardly along the path provided by scroll '52. A deflector tongue 15, preferably integral with lower plate '69, insures that the air delivered by the fan is deflected upwardly toward opening 13 without being trapped in the septum.

Bas II is provided with a suitable aperture I6 which may be provided with a screen or filter through which cooling air is drawn during operation of fan 81, so that when electric motor 64 is driven, the fan forces cooling air from compartment 25 upwardly through boss 28 and along lamp It to cool the latter, and outwardly through the chimney louvers and outlet I4. The natural chimney action of the hot air assists this operation and renders the whole assembly very efiicient. Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 6, the internal part of top wall 21 is formed with a depending ribbed portion II which is adapted to contact the upper surface of plate H of the septum and thereby form an upper air chamber or passage 18 which is substantially separatefrom the lower part of compartment 25.

Internal wall 23 of the base is formed with a suitable aperture 19 where it joins top wall 21 and this aperture I9 is in open communication with cooling air chamber I8 through a throat 80 defined by the forward portion of rib TI. The purpose of this aperture is to provide cooling air to the film gage as will appear. As illustrated best in Figure 6, the entire septum assembly is attached to suitable boss formations in the lower part of wall 21, and motor 64 is mounted on a suitable bracket 8I aflixed to lower plate 69 of the blower assembly. In this manner the whole fan motor, fan and septum assembly with the lamp carried thereby may be speedily removed as a unit through the bottom of compartment 25 for any desired purpose, as repair of the motor or fan.

Upper wall 2'! of the base is apertured adjacent boss 28 at 82 to provide a passage for blowing cooling air into the front portion of lamp housing I3 for cooling the heat filter and the condenser lens assembly.

Lamp housing I3 is apertured at 83 in alignment with the optical axis and with a similar aperture 84 at the rear of lens mount I9. As

illustrated in Figure 4, the front section 85 of upper base wall 2'! is stepped to a higher level than that supporting the lamp housing and is formed with an integral plunger receiving boss 89 on the front end of lens mount I9 which is effectively an integral upstanding formation on the wall. A suitable slide and friction connection indicated at 81 is provided between tube 88 which contains the objective lenses and a collar threaded into the apertured top of lens mount I9 for axially displacing tube 88 for varying the focus of the projected image. Above the lenses, a planar plate window 89 of glass is secured across the top of tube 88, as by ring 89, to protect and prevent scratching of the top lens surface, and to facilitate removal of dust and dirt.

Interposed in the light path between the condenser lens and reflector 2I are two presser plates Eli and 82 having their adjacent faces perfectly fiat and parallel in vertical planes. Plates 9| and 92 are preferably blocks of glass or like rigid light transparent material.

Rear presser plate 9! is fixedly mounted on lamp house I3. Lamp house It, as above stated, has its front wall apertured at 83 in alignment with the projection axis, the aperture being of a size at least equal to the largest picture size to be positioned between plates SI and 92. Referring to Figure 3, a suitable mounting plate 93 is fixedly supported in spaced relation to the front wall of lamp house l3, as by rivets 9 Plate 93 is formed with an apertur in alignment with the optical axis. Vertical masking blades and 96 formed with inclined cam and support slots 91 are slidably mounted on rivets 99, being positioned mainly by friction in the space between plate 93 and the front wall of housing I3. Thus vertical adjustment of blades 95 and 96 controls the effective horizontal projection light aperture size to suit the picture dimensions so that variations in picture size on the film strip may be suitably com pensated.

Front presser plate 92 is pivotably mounted on a swingable support illustrated in Figure 4.

The film transport system comprises generally supply and take-up spool holders 98 and 99 fixed to vertical shafts IIiI and IE2, identical cylindrical feed rollers E63 and IM surfaced with rubber or like high friction material and fixed to vertical shafts and ltd, and the film gate comprising presser plates 9! and Shafts IDI, I02, I95 and Illii are rotatably mounted in hollow bosses I29 integral without base II. Idler rollers I00 are provided on upstanding vertical axes on base I I between each film feed roller and the film gate for guiding the film to contact a large peripheral portion of the feed rollers so as to insure a good. positive friction drive of the film by the feed rollers.

Sprockets W1, W9, I99. and III of identical size are provided on the vertical shafts of the film spools and feed rollers all driven by a common endless chain I I2. A reversible electric motor I I3 having a suitable reversing winding 3' is mounted in compartment 2 5 within base II and has its rotor connected to drive chain I I2 through a gear I it, meshed with a gear on the rotor shaft, gears H5 and I45 fixed to a short vertical shaft ill suitably rotatably mounted on base II, gear H8, shaft 5 l9 and a sprocket I2I on shaft I I9 engaged with the chain. The lower end of shaft H9 is supported in a thrust bearing IIiJ on a bracket Iiil' secured to the side wall of base II. Motor H3 is secured by suitable fastening means to integral depending posts IZI and I22 within compartment 2t. Bearing H9 is a universal mount.

Gear H8 is axially slidable with respect to shaft H9 and non-rotatably connected thereto, as by a pin !23 and slot I26 connection between the gear hub and shaft. Below gear IIB, its hub has rigid therewith a bevel gear I25, and a coiled compression spring I25 surrounding shaft II 9 reacts between the lower end of shaft H9 and gear I25 to normally bias slidable gear IIB into its illustrated upper position where it is in driving engagement with gear I It, a suitable stop being provided if desired to limit upward movement of gear II8. Thus normally when motor H3 is energized the sprockets are all simultaneously rotated in the same direction and at the same peripheral speed.

Sprockets IliI-I I! are connected to their respective shafts by similar resilient toothed oneway clutch assemblies indicated as I21, I28, I29 and E39, and clutches it? and I39 on the film supply and take-up shafts also include friction couplings I3! and I32 interposed between sprockets I9! and HI and the respective shafts. The function of clutches IZ'I-Iilt is to provide reversible drive for the film. Friction couplings I3I and I32 are identical, and resilient toothed drive clutch assemblies I2l-l3ll are also substantially identical in structure.

Details of construction of one-way drive clutches I2'II39 and friction couplings I3I and I32 are described and claimed in said Serial No.

663,135 to which reference is made by way of illustration, if necessary, for these features. Insofar as the present invention is concerned, these details are not important and any suitable clutches and couplings may be provided. It is believed sufficient, to understand this aspect of the invention, to note that the film may be driven in either direction at constant speed through the film gate when its drive is energized, the friction couplings serving to compensate for changing film roll diameters.

Optionally with drive by motor II3, the film may be reversibly fed by manual operation. A lever I33, pivoted about a horizontal axis on a lug I3 3 rigid with base II, is formed with a forked end I35 embracing the hub of gear HE. A vertical plunger I35, having its operating head I31 projecting upwardly through boss 85 in lens mount I9, is slidable within a stationary sleeve I38 and biased upwardly by a coiled compression spring I39 so as normally to be slightly spaced from an abutment I lI on lever I33. Abutment MI is preferably a screw locked by a nut I52 in such adjusted position as to cooperate best with plunger I35. A horizontal shaft I53 is journalled in base II with a bevel gear I45 fixed upon its inner end and a handle I45 affixed thereto outside base I I.

When the operator desires to move the film manually instead of by motor IIS, he depresses plunger I35, thereby rocking lever I33 downwardly and disengaging gears H and H8, and engaging bevel gears I and Ida so that rotation of handle I will rotate sprocket IZI to drive chain I I2. Upon release of head I37, springs I26 and I39 force the parts to the motor drive position illustrated in Figure 5.

Movable pressure plate 92 is mounted on a swingable frame I46 best illustrated in Figures 4 and 8. Provision is made for automatically separating plates II and 92 to release and permit movement of the film whenever the film drive is actuated either manually or by motor H3. I have also arranged to separate plates 9| and 92 a short time prior to each driven movement of the film so as to synchronize the film release and drive means and insure against injury to the film.

Support Iit comprises parallel vertical arms I41 and I58 maintained together in spaced relation by rigid cross bars I49 and I553 below the front top wall 85 of base I I as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. As also illustrated in Figures 5 and 8, arms I I! and I48, which are strips of flexible metal, divergingly bent at a point just above their fixed interconnection at bar I58 and are provided with knurled outer surfaces I 5! adapted to be gripped by an operators fingers for a purpose to appear. Support frame its projects through an H-shaped aperture I40 in base wall 85, this aperture permitting rocking movement of the support as well as movement of arms I l? and I48 toward each other for a purpose to appear.

Support frame I46 at its lower end is rotatably supported on a horizontal cross rod I52 which in turn is rotatably journalled on the spaced legs of a U-shaped bracket I53 suitably rigidly mounted on wall 23 as illustrated in Figure 4. Rod I52 is provided with a forwardly extending portion I54 secured at its front end to an upright member I55 depending rigidly from lever I33 so that, when lever I33 is rocked downwardly by depression of plunger I36, rod I52 is concomitantly rocked counterclockwise. Rigidly secured to rod I52 as by set screw I56 is a block I5'I carrying a pin I58 adapted to contact cross bar I49. Sup- 3 port frame I46 is resiliently biased counterclockwise (toward closed portion of the plates 9| and 92) by a spring leaf I59 riveted at one end to stationary bracket I53 and bearing at its upper end against bar M5 on the opposite side from pin I58. Spring I59 is bifurcated to frictionally embrace but permit relative movement with pin I58, and it serves to locate and secure shaft I52 against axial displacement.

Thus, When rod I52 is rocked by depression of plunger I35, contact of pin I58 with bar I49 rocks frame clockwise about the axis of rod I52 in Figure 4 against the bias of spring I59, and spring I59 returns the frame when the plunger is released. This is a manual arrangement for separating the presser plates 9| and 92 at the time the manual film drive is established.

Cross bar I55 is formed with a groove IBI over which is hooked the end of an arm I52 pivoted to an actuating lever I553 which in turn is intermediately pivoted about a stationary vertical axis pivot I provided on the bottom of wall and pivotally connected at its further end to the reciprocable armature I65 of a solenoid I66. A normally open control switch it: is mounted in the field circuit of motor H3. A switch button I58 of switch it? is located for abutment by an adjustable stop screw I59 carried by lever I53 for control synchronization as will appear. Frame I45, as above pointed out, is biased toward closed position of plates 5i and 92 by spring I59, so that during all periods when solenoid I66 is deenergized and plunger I36 released, spring I59 holds the film presser plates closed tightly. Spring I53 and bracket are illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 8.

Plate $22 is rigidly clamped in a sheet metal frame I72 having side and bottom flanges bent over the beveled edges of plate 92. At opposite sides, frame I72 is provided with integral parallel tabs I M bent at right angles to plate 2 and formed with alignment circular apertures, each of outwardly diverging conical form and adapted to frictionally fit over similarly shaped conical support and pivot pins on arms I I! and I 18 respectively. This ccnstruction is illustrated and described in detail and claimed in said Serial No. 663,135.

In order to mount frame IE2 on support I55, the operator grips knurled portions I5I between his thumb and forefinger to flex the upper ends of arms I47 and E48 toward each other and decrease the distance between the tapered pins until tabs I'I I can be slipped past the outer ends of the latter to align the aperture therein with the pins. Then the resilient arms I l? and M8 are released, permitting them to flex outwardly expandingly and insert the pins into the associated apertures and thus hold frame M2 on support I46. The top of frame I12 is open to permit insertion and removal of glass plate 92.

Frame H2 is thus swingably mounted about a horizontal axis parallel to the film path. The resilient biasing force of arms I I'I and i 38 and the conical pivot surfaces coact to provide a friction pivot connection such that, when the plate 92 is initially swung to clamp a film between it and plate SI, plate 92 assumes a position parallel to plate 9i and is retained there by the friction at the pivots. This arrangement also provides for ready removal and replacement of plate 92 in addition to the automatic alignment feature.

The usual 119 volt power line is connected through a selector switch assembly M8 to motor H3, solenoid I68, switch I51, lamp I5 and fan motor 64. In assembly I18, a first snap switch I8I is adapted to immediately close the circuits of lamp I6 and fan motor 64. Normally open push-button switches I82 and I83 control operation and direction of the film feed at the operators will. When switch I82 is closed, the circuits of solenoid Hi8 and one sid of reversing winding H3 are closed, and the circuit of motor H3 is closed except for switch I61. Energization of solenoid I66 retracts armature I65 to rock lever I63 which, through arm I62, rocks support I46 and plate 92 to release the film at the apertu The spacing of abutment I69 and switch button I68 is such that switch I81 is not closed until plates 9i and 92 are appreciably separated so that motor H3, which starts when switch I6! is closed, does not start to drive the selected film spool and feed roller until after the film has been released at the film gate. Switch I83 effects the same control except that it energizes the other side of the reversing winding and causes movement of the film opposite to that effected by switch I82.

In practice, switch assembly I18 is a unit connected to the projector by a flexible cord so that a patient, for example, in a hospital bed may, with the projector on the fioor beside him, control movement and direction of the film by manipulating buttons at I82 and I83 after switch I8! has been turned to on position.

Switch I61 thus provides automatic sequential opening of the film gate and actuation of the film drive when motor I I3 is the source of power. When the film is manuall driven, this sequential operation is obtained by the action of pin I58 contacting bar I49 to rock frame I46 to open the film gate whenever plunger I36 is depressed, The film is now released for movement through rotation of handle I 45.

I have therefore provided a novel projector wherein the parts are efilciently compartmented for protection, ease of access for removal for repair and cleaning, and for providing a unit of such size as to be readily portable. Th cooling fan assembly within rear compartment 25 is mounted removably on base I I, as are the film drive and presser plat mount members within front compartment 24. Removal of cover 26 exposes both front and rear compartments for access and inspection.

Cooling air from the blower assembly of compartment 25 is not only circulated past lamp I6 and the condenser lens assembly within lamp housing I3, but is also forced through apertures I9 and I48 to cool the film and the presser plate assembly. The exhaust air passing through aperture 83 also helps to keep the film gate cool.

The projector is portable and may be readily shifted about by means of a U-shaped handle I85 mounted on horizontal pivots I86 on base II and adapted to swing over lamp housing I3 as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.

If desired wall 23 may be omitted entirely or provided with a large aperture as at I85 in Figure 4. In such event no air admitting aperture need be provided in the outer wall of compartment 25 and the action of the blower assembly is to draw in air past the film gate through opening I 40 to be supplied through aperture I 85 to compartment 25. From compartment 25 the air is blown upwardly as before through boss 28 and aperture 82 to cool the interior of housing I3. In such an arrangement the coolest air traverses the film gate, and if opening I40 is not large enough suitable auxiliary apertures can be pro- 10 vided in the outer walls of compartment 25. Where wall 23 is entirely omitted suitable rigid supports for the mechanism within the base are of course provided.

The invention may be embodied in otherspecific for-ms without departing from the spirit'or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing desoription, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:

1. In a projection apparatus, a hollow base, a top wall on said base, a projection lamp and condenser lens assembly mounted on said wall, a housing mounted on said base covering said lamp and condenser lens assembly, an upstanding objective lens mount on said wall, said housing and lens mount being apertured in substantially o nt al n n ob ti ens sembly on said lens mount with its axis. substantially vertical, means defining av film gate between said housing and said lens mount, means. in said lens mount for deflecting light from the lamp and c.on-. denser lens assembly upward through said oh- "ive assembly means for advancing film ugh said film gate, cooling air supply means mounted within said base below the lamp and. condenser lens assembly, and drive means for said film advancing means mounted within said base.

2. In a projector, a base separated into front and rear compartments, a top wall on said base having a front part extending over said front compartment and formed with an upstanding portion providing an objective lens mount, an

objective lens assembly on said mount with its axis vertical, means on the rear part of said wall providing a lamp and condenser lens system having a horizontal axis, means defining a film gate mounted between said condenser lens system and said objective lens mount, means between the film gate and objective lens assembly for deflecting light from said lamp and condenser lens system upwardly through said objective lens assembly, and means for advancing a film strip through said film gate comprising a pair of film spool holders also mounted on vertical axes on the front part of said wall at opposite sides of the film gate, and means in said front compartment for selectively driving either of said adjacent spool holders for advancing the film in either direction through said film gate.

3. In the projector defined in claim 2, said film gate comprising a swingable presser plate pivotally supported within said front compartment and extending upwardly through an aperture in said wall, a housing on said wall enclosing said lamp and condenser lens assembly and having a side opening, and a cooperating stationary presser plate mounted on said housing over said aperture above said wall.

i. In a projection apparatus, a base member having an open bottom and a top wall, means on the front part of said wall forming an integral upstanding hollow portion which is apertured at its rear side and at its top, an upstanding lamp housing on said wall apertured in alignment with said side aperture, a lamp and condenser lens having a horizontal axis enclosed by said housing, means mounting an objective lens at the top 11 opening in said hollow portion, and means mounting a reflector in said hollow portion for directing projection light upwardly through said objective lens.

5. In the projection apparatus defined in claim 4, said base having a drive mechanism compartment below the front part of said wall, and said compartment opening at its top to said hollow portion.

6. In projection apparatus, a base having front and rear compartments and a top wall overlying said compartments, means mounting a lamp and a condenser lens assembly on said wall above one of said compartments, a housing mounted on said base and extending over said lamp and condenser lens assembly, a cooling air blower assembly mounted in said one compartment, said wall being apertured to permit passage of said cooling air upwardly into said housing for cooling said lamp and condenser lens assembly and said housing being apertured for exhaust of said heated air, means mounting an objective lens assembly above the other of said compartments in optical alignment with said condenser lens assembly, and

means between said lens assemblies for advancing said chamber to a projection lamp and lens assembly thereabove, and means providing a film gate on said wall forwardly of said projection lamp and lens assembly, said internal wall being apertured to provide for passage of cooling air into said front compartment and said top wall being apertured for discharge of air from said front compartment past said film gate.

JAN A. VAN DEN BROEK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 925,326 Gilmore June 15, 1909 961,947 Fulgora et al. 1- June 21, 1910 1,656,389 Nothstine Jan. 17, 1928 1,666,305 Proctor Apr. 17, 1928 1,717,838 Decker June 13, 1929 1,919,595 Owens July 25, 1933 1,952,249 Halloran Mar. 27, 1934 1,966,531 Tint July 17, 1934 2,113,578 Draeger Apr. 12, 1938 2,128,868 Weller Aug. 30, 1938 2,160,890 Mulch June 6, 1939 2,177,638 Draeger Oct. 31, 1939 2,246,412 Newman June 17, 1941 2,281,988 Osterberg et al. 1 May 5, 1942 2,294,219 Woermann Aug. 25, 1942 2,344,263 Perkins Mar. 14, 1944 

